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Pholiota nubigena
''Pholiota nubigena'', commonly known as the gastroid pholiota or the bubble gum fungus, is a species of secotioid fungus in the family Strophariaceae. It is found in mountainous areas of the western United States, where it grows on rotting conifer wood, often fir logs. It
fruits in spring, often under snow, and early summer toward the end of the snowmelt period in high mountain forests. Fruit bodies appear similar to unopened mushrooms, measuring tall with diameter caps that are whitish to brownish. They have a short but distinct whitish stipe that extend through the internal spore mass (gleba) of the fruit body into the cap. The gleba consists of irregular chambers made of contorted gills that are brownish in color. A whitish, cottony partial veil is present in young specimens, but it often disappears in age and does not leave a ring on the stipe.
==Taxonomy==
The species was first described in 1899 by American mycologist Harvey Willson Harkness as ''Secotium nubigenum''. Harkness found the type collection growing on logs of lodgepole pine (''Pinus contorta'') in the Sierra Nevadas at an elevation of .〔 Curtis Gates Lloyd discussed the species in a 1903 publication, but named it ''rubigenum'', stating that ''nubigenum'' was incorrect because of typographical errors carried down from Pier Andrea Saccardo.〔 The genus ''Nivatogastrium'' was circumscribed by American mycologists Rolf Singer and Alexander H. Smith in 1959, who set ''N. nubigenum'' as the type and only species. They considered Lloyd's spelling ''rubigenum'' to be a misprint (''sphalma typographicum''). The holotype specimen was destroyed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.〔 Modern molecular phylogenetic analysis has demonstrated that the species is nested within the genus ''Pholiota'',〔 and is closely related to ''Pholiota squarrosa''〔 and ''Pholiota multicingulata''.〔 Mycologist Scott Redhead transferred the species to ''Pholiota'' in 2014.〔
The specific epithet ''nubigenum'' derives from the Latin roots ''nub'', meaning "cloud", and ''gen-'', meaning "born of" or "originating from".〔Arora (1986), pp. 906, 908.〕 It is commonly known as the "gastroid pholiota"〔Arora (1986), pp. 735–6.〕 or the "bubble gum fungus".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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